Heavy metals in particulate matter and sediments in the southern Barcelona sedimentation system (North-western Mediterranean)     

Pere Puig  Albert Palanques  Joan A. Sanchez-Cabeza  Pere Masqu 《Marine Chemistry》1999,63(3-4)

Concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) from surface sediments, suspended particulate matter and settling particles in the southern Barcelona continental margin were studied in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the anthropogenic metals discharged by the Llobregat River in this Mediterranean area. The temporal variation of heavy metals discharged by this river onto the continental shelf is clearly related to the river water flow. Part of the fine sediment and associated heavy metals transported by the Llobregat River during periods of low river flow accumulate on the river bed, and they are totally removed and discharged onto the Barcelona continental shelf during sporadic river water flow increases. Metals produce significant anomalies of chromium (×2.5), copper (×3.4) and zinc (×3.7) in the surface sediments of the Llobregat prodelta and tend to be transported along the continental shelf following the mean flow. Metals associated with the finest suspended flocs transferred to the slope are controlled by the shelf-slope density front and are transported along slope by the general geostrophic current, instead of accumulating and becoming concentrated in the slope bottom sediments. Settling particulate matter collected in sediment traps on the Barcelona continental slope offshore of the shelf-slope front shows low heavy metal concentrations except in a few sediment trap samples that are significantly metal-enriched in chromium (×4.5) and zinc (×6.8). This enrichment is associated with very short and sporadic river flow increases and is only recorded inside the Foix submarine canyon, which acts as a preferential conduit for the shelf-slope sediment transfer.  相似文献   

Spatial Distribution of Shelf- and Slope-Dwelling Fishes Collected by Bottom Longline off Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, Canary Islands     

Franz  Uiblein  Fernando  Bordes  Ricardo  Castillo Antonio G.  Ramos 《Marine Ecology》1998,19(1):53-66

Abstract. A total of 1789 fish belonging to 38 families and 73 species were collected at depths between 18 and 1102 m during 216 bottom longline operations off Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, between February 1994 and December 1995. For each species the depth distribution is provided. Length-weight and depth-size relationships are reported for three shelf-dwelling species. The bigger-deeper relationship found in two of them contrasts with the bigger-shallower pattern of the deeper living trichiurid Lepidopus caudatus . In November 1997, nine additional bottom longline operations were carried out off eastern Fuerteventura at depths between 805 and 1217 m. In this area, after earlier studies in October 1995, a spawning aggregation of the morid Mora moro was encountered for the second time. The catches of 1997 revealed a strongly male-biased sex ratio. Also, the males showed a significantly lower gonadosomal index than two years earlier. These findings indicate slight interannual variations in reproductive timing and an earlier arrival of male Mora moro at the spawning grounds. Clear variations in the number of fish collected at adjacent sites possibly reflect a preference for distinct microhabitats. Preliminary evidence of local upwelling of cold water above the spawning grounds is provided by satellite imagery.  相似文献   

Study of physical and chemical properties of vitrinites. Inferences on depositional and coalification controls     

A. Jimnez  M. J. Iglesias  F. Laggoun-Dfarge  I. Surez-Ruiz 《Chemical Geology》1998,150(3-4):197-221

A detailed study of petrological, geochemical, textural and coking properties was carried out on vitrains from the Puertollano, Blanzy–Montçeau, Asturias and Teruel. The objective was to determine in depth the physical and chemical properties of a series of natural and pure vitrinites of different rank, and the influence that the sedimentary and post-sedimentary conditions had on them. It is demonstrated that although vitrains are almost entirely made up of the huminite/vitrinite maceral group they have a different composition, thermal behaviour and physical properties. Thus, geochemical and textural properties of Blanzy–Montçeau vitrains can be considered to be representative of the telinite, the major component in both samples (75% vol.) at the beginning of the bituminization stage (subbituminous/high volatile C bituminous coals). The characteristics of the Puertollano vitrains described here can also be attributed to the telocollinite (>80% vol.) for the high volatile C bituminous coal. Variations in physico-chemical properties between Puertollano and Blanzy–Montçeau vitrains are due to the differences in the initial composition of organic matter. Slight differences (i.e., bed moisture content or porosity) between vitrains from the two coal seams in the same basin can be attributed to their stratigraphic position. Several parameters such as S₂, HI, oil and extraction yield and fluorescent properties suggest that the Puertollano and Blanzy–Montçeau vitrains have a lower hydrocarbon potential. The relationships between geochemical and textural properties make it possible to distinguish between ‘normal' and perhydrous vitrains. The two different hydrogen-enrichment processes that occur in vitrains from the Teruel and Asturias basins can be distinguished from the extraction yield data.  相似文献   

绿潮迁移过程中环境要素与浒苔藻体生物学特征的相关性分析     

管晨  郝雅  侯承宗  唐学玺  王影 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(1):114-122

浒苔(Ulva prolifera)引起的大规模绿潮起源于黄海南部,在向北迁移过程中生物量迅速扩增,在海州湾附近(35°N左右)迅速增加达到峰值。在绿潮漂浮迁移过程中,海水表层温度、溶解无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen,DIN)和磷酸盐(PO4^3-P-)变化显著。本文以迁移过程中的浒苔为研究对象,分析了环境要素变化与浒苔藻体的生物学特征间的关系。结果显示,随着绿潮的漂浮迁移,浒苔藻体光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm从0.7逐渐降低至0.45左右,光系统Ⅱ实际光化学量子产量Y(Ⅱ)从0.55逐渐降至0.25左右;硝酸还原酶活性(nitrate reductase activity,NRA)从2.7μmol/L NO2^-/(mg·h)降至0.5μmol/L NO2-/(mg·h)左右;生殖分配率(RA)从15%逐渐上升至50%左右。相关性分析表明,DIN与浒苔藻体的生物学特征相关性呈极显著,表明在漂浮迁移中,DIN对浒苔的生物学特征至关重要。温度对浒苔藻体光合活性和NRA的影响极显著;光照强度对浒苔藻体光合活性的影响极显著,对NRA的影响显著;盐度和PO4^3--P显著影响浒苔藻体的光合活性和NRA,而这四种环境要素与浒苔形成生殖细胞的相关性不显著。本文认为,绿潮漂浮迁移过程中,浒苔藻体光合活性、营养盐吸收等生物学特征对环境中DIN的变化响应最敏感,其他环境要素对浒苔藻体的影响程度大小依次为温度、PO4^3--P、盐度和光照强度。绿潮漂浮迁移过程中环境要素的变化直接影响了浒苔的生长与生殖,尤其是海州湾附近(35°N左右)是浒苔藻体状态改变的分水岭。  相似文献   

Reproductive ecology of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris     

HONG Wanshu  CHEN Shixi  ZHANG Qiyong  WANG Qiong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2007,26(4):72-81

The reproductive ecology of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris was investigated during the spawning season in the Funing Bay, Fujian, China. The fish burrows were basically Y-shaped and had two openings onto the mudflats. Part of the intersection at the center of the burrow was dilated to form a "spawning chamber". The dissolved oxygen concentrations (0.40~0.65 mg/dm3)of water 15 cm deep inside the burrows were much lower than those (5.96~6.19 mg/dm3) of intertidal pool water. Water temperatures inside the burrows were much lower than those of intertidal pools. Field investigations indicated that eggs were laid on the inner wall and ceiling of the spawning chamber by means of filamentous attachments, and a male stayed inside the burrows to guard it. Field investigations also suggested that fish of both sexes constructed mud burrows by themselves but that the spawning chamber was made only in the male burrow. The male attracted a female to his burrow for mating and spawning. There was no water in the spawning chamber, and thus the eggs were exposed to the air in the chamber. Changes in spawning readiness and gonadosomatic index indicated that synchronization of spawning was related to the semi-lunar periodicity, and this is the first report of this relationship in the mudskippers.  相似文献   

RNA干扰蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex)doublesex1基因的表达研究     

童巧琼  林重远  朱晓静  周伟  徐善良  王丹丽  赵云龙 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(1):117-123

为了探索doublesex1(dsx1)基因是否在蚤状溞的生殖转换过程中发挥作用,利用蚤状溞滤食摄食的特点将体外合成的dsx1双链RNA(ds RNA)通过浸泡得方法分别摄入不同生殖状态的溞体中,实现dsx1基因的表达沉默。随后采用荧光定量PCR(q PCR)以及整体原位杂交分别检测不同生殖状态下蚤状溞在RNAi前后体内dsx1的表达水平变化,进而研究dsx1在蚤状溞生殖转换过程中的作用。结果表明:雄性溞、两性溞、孤雌溞在RNAi后均出现了dsx1 m RNA表达水平的显著下调,且下调量具有显著性差异(P0.05)其中在孤雌溞中下调68%,在三种生殖状态中最为显著,其次是雄性溞(56%)和两性溞(20%)。同时发现,干扰前能够在溞的第一触角、第一胸肢和复眼上检测到明显的信号位点,而在RNAi后,仅在溞体的第一触角上发现少量dsx1基因表达位点,且第一胸肢及复眼上未检测到相关信号。结合未干扰前dsx1在不同生殖状态溞的表达定量以及定位结果,我们推测dsx1可能在蚤状溞的生殖转化基因调控过程中扮演关键角色,并且在维持雄性蚤状溞性别特征的机制中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾不同家系间繁殖性状的比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

袁瑞鹏  刘建勇  张嘉晨  郑静静 《海洋学报》2016,38(6):89-97

在相同的养殖条件下,从15个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)留种家系中各筛选30尾雌虾,记录60 d内每尾雌虾的产卵时体质量(SW)、产卵量(EN)、卵径(ED)、受精率(FR)、受精卵孵化率(HR)、连续两次产卵间隔时间(SI),分析各家系繁殖性状的差异性和各繁殖性状间的相关性。结果显示,各家系间繁殖相关性状差异显著(P<0.05),其中F415家系SW为55.36 g,显著大于其他家系(P<0.05),F413家系EN最高为26.52万粒,F402家系雌虾产卵FR和HR率均最高分别为83.19%和84.68%,F407、F401家系SI最短分别为5.03 d和5.06 d,以EN>20万粒、SI<9 d、FR>60%、HR>60%为选择标准,筛选出F401、F405、F407、F409、F413、F415六个家系雌虾作为凡纳滨对虾高繁殖力品系培育的亲虾;各繁殖性状中SW与EN间的相关系数为0.260呈极显著相关(P<0.01),EN与FR和HR间的相关系数分别为0.155和0.239呈极显著相关(P<0.01),SI与EN和HR间的相关系数分别为-0.121和-0.078分别呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)和显著负相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,凡纳滨对虾雌虾繁殖性能具有较大的家系选择潜力;在高繁殖力凡纳滨对虾品系培育的过程中应以雌虾平均单次产卵量和连续两次产卵间隔时间作为的选育的目标性状。  相似文献   

硬骨鱼类精子超微结构及其研究前景   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

刘雪珠  杨万喜 《海洋学研究》2002,20(3):32-37

对近几年国内外硬骨鱼类精子超微结构的研究进行了综述。硬骨鱼类精子结构比较原始 ,可明显地分为头部、中段和尾部 ,但各部分结构在不同种属的硬骨鱼体中有一定差异 ,尤其是精子头部顶体有无植入窝及其发达程度 ,精子中段中心粒复合体的组成、“袖套”结构的对称性、线粒体的分布和形态及精子尾部侧鳍的有无及其发达程度等在不同种属的硬骨鱼体中有一定差异。通过分析这些精子结构的差异 ,可以明显看出种间亲缘关系 ,因此 ,精子超微结构研究在生殖进化生物学研究中具有广阔的前景。对不同硬骨鱼类精子表面大分子物质的分布、精子鞭毛的运动机制、侧鳍与受精率的关系及精子各结构的特征和功能的研究将有利于对硬骨鱼类受精生物学的研究。  相似文献   

Reproductive ecology of the dominant dinoflagellate, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ceratium fusus</Emphasis>, in coastal area of Sagami Bay,Japan     

Seung Ho Baek  Shinji Shimode  Tomohiko Kikuchi 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(1):35-45

The seasonal abundance of the dominant dinoflagellate, Ceratium fusus, was investigated from January 2000 to December 2003 in a coastal region of Sagami Bay, Japan. The growth of this species was also examined under laboratory conditions. In Sagami Bay, C. fusus increased significantly from April to September, and decreased from November to February, though it was found at all times through out the observation period. C. fusus increased markedly in September 2001 and August 2003 after heavy rainfalls that produced pycnoclines. Rapid growth was observed over a salinity range of 24 to 30, with the highest specific rate of 0.59 d⁻¹ measured under the following conditions: salinity 27, temperature 24°C, photon irradiance 600 μmol m⁻²s⁻¹. The growth rate of C. fusus increased with increasing irradiance from 58 to 216 μmol m⁻²s⁻¹, plateauing between 216 and 796 μmol m⁻²s⁻¹ under all temperature and salinity treatments (except at a temperature of 12°C). Both field and laboratory experiments indicated that C. fusus has the ability to grow under wide ranges of water temperatures (14–28°C), salinities (20–34), and photon irradiance (50–800 μmol m⁻²s⁻¹); it is also able to grow at low nutrient concentrations. This physiological flexibility ensures that populations persist when bloom conditions come to an end.  相似文献   

泥蚶的性腺发育和生殖周期   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

郑家声  王梅林  王志勇  刘志鸿  崔晓峥 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,(4)

根据生殖细胞发育的宏观和组织切片观察以及各期生殖细胞在滤泡中所占的比例，泥蚶的生殖腺发育过程分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期五个阶段。按肥满度的变化并结合性腺组织切片确定，泥蚶的性晚发育在青岛海区一年一个周期。繁殖期在７月上旬至８月下旬，繁殖盛期在７月中旬至８月中旬。至少有二次集中排放过程。  相似文献